Be able to name the organs that make up the digestive system.
Added 5/14/06 - Be able to make a labeled sketch of the major organs of the digestive system in relation to one another.
Be able to describe the major function or functions of each organ in the digestive system.
Be able to describe the microstructure of a typical cross-section of the digestive tract.
Be able to explain the difference between villi and microvilli.
Be able to name two types of sensory receptors found in the digestive tract.
Be able to describe how intestinal smooth muscle responds to being stretched.
Be able to describe the differences in the nature of gastrointestinal motility as a function of position and time. (Is it continuous or intermittent? Is it peristaltic or segmented?)
Be able to name two factors that control the rate of emptying of the stomach and describe the underlaying mechanism(s) of the control (including the names of any hormones involved).
Know the general mechanism that modifies the composition of gastrointestinal secretions like saliva, bile and pancreatic juice (sometimes called the two-stage model).
Be able to explain the coupling between flow rate and composition implied by the two-stage model.
Be able to explain the processes by which gastric parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid into the stomach.
Be able to explain how gastric epithelial cells maintain a pH of about 7 at their surface.
Know the function of intrinsic factor.
Be able to name and describe the three phases of gastrointestinal secretion.
Be able to name or describe three factors that stimulate gastric acid secretion.
Be able to name or describe three factors that inhibit gastric acid secretion.
Be able to describe the general contents of pancreatic juice.
Be able to explain the role of pancreatic juice in the digestive process.
Be able to draw a diagram of the hepatic/intestinal circulation and explain the significance of its unusual features.
Be able to list two functions of the liver.
Be able to describe the contents of bile.
Be able to explain the role of bile in the digestive process.
Be able to describe the general structure of bile acids.
Be able to list 3 factors affecting gallbladder emptying and bile synthesis and secretion.
Know the general substrates for amylases, proteases, lipases and nucleases.
Be about to explain the function of the glucose-Na+ co-porter.
Be able explain how pancreatic exocrine cells can secrete proteolytic enzymes without being damaged by them.
Be able to list the forms in which the products of protein digestion are absorbed into the epithelial cells of the small intestine.
Know if intact proteins are ever absorbed and if so when and how it occurs.
Know the direction of water transfer in each major section of the digestive system.
Know the forms in which lipids are absorbed.
Be able to describe the processing of lipids that occurs in the epithelial cell of the small intestine.
Be able to describe the structure and function of chylomicrons.
Be able to describe the source and functions of chylomicrons, VLDL’s, LDL’s and HDL’s (apparently not in your book!).
Be able to name 2 fat soluble vitamins and describe how fat soluble vitamins in general are absorbed.
Be able to name 2 water soluble vitamins and describe how water soluble vitamins other than B12 are absorbed.
Be able to explain how vitamin B12 is protected and absorbed in the digestive track.
Be able to name a mineral that is absorbed at a variable rate dependent upon the body's need.
Be able to name and describe each of the two types of motility that occurs in the large intestines.
Be able to state where within the digestive track that the retrograde peristalsis of vomiting begins.
Be able to describe the mechanism that causes diarrhea.
Be able to describe the mechanism causing constipation.